Indian Civilization Essay

civilization is the greatest achievement in the history of human beings. While defining the term civilization, Philip Atkinson says, Civilization is a community that dominates all told other communities by violence. 1 The things which be essential to make a civilization atomic number 18 cities, governments, armies, and communal achievements alike subjugations and inventions. The civilization started from the formation of the cities. And most of the ancient civilization flourished in the bank of rivers. E. g.Egyptian Civilization which was flourished in the bank of Nile River while Indian civilization prospered in the bank of Ganga River and the Saptasindhu (The land of septet rivers) region. In ancient origination the different civilizations developed. Among them some study and noteworthy civilizations were the Egyptian Civilization, Greek Civilization, Iranian Civilization and the Indian Civilization. Indian civilization during the Later Vedic Period is explained in this pape r through intuitive, rational, and empirical direction India is regarded as the cradle of civilization. Civilization started here in this land very yearn time ago.About 3000 B. C. , the civilization shaped in India. This civilization is supposed to be one of the worldly concerns first great civilizations. We can find innum epochble amazing things which are the proof of the enormousness of this civilization from all perspectives such as literature, art, architecture, science mathematics and astrology. Indian civilization has given a platform to many scientific discoveries. Here in our paper we are considering the specific period for our look into and that is Vedic Period which started in 1500 B. C. After the ruin of Harappan cities Indian subcontinent experienced a untried civilization.This new culture was brought in India by the Aryans. Aryans came from central Asia through Khaibar Khind and settled in the region of seven rivers which was cognize as Saptasindhu. And after tha t they started settling in Ganges valley which was known as Aryavarta. This particular era is called Vedic period because in this maturate the religious and philosophical hymns called Veda were tranquil by the Aryan people. The Vedas composed by Aryans were basically in Sanskrit language. The Vedas were of four types, first is Rigveda which is the oldest hymns The other triplet are Sam Veda, Yajurveda, and Athharva Veda.These three Vedas basically laid a fast(a) foundation to Hindu religion and the Hindu doctrines. Rigveda is the mythical school text which includes the knowledge in its abstract imagery of what the clairvoyant had realized. Yajurveda is the Vedas of ritual which consisted of 1975 verse mantras. It has divided into forty chapters. Samveda is the veda of meter or music while Atharva Veda is the Veda of Chants. The Vedic period is also divided into two different eras, former(a) Vedic period and Later Vedic Period. Later Vedic period started in around 1000B. C. to 600 B. C.This age is also known as the Epic age because the one of the greatest epics from the world were composed during this era. They are Ramayana and Mahabharata. Ramayana was written by sage Valmiki while Mahabharata was composed by Sage Vyas. Intuitive Theatre, Music and gambling in Vedic Period Aryans created Samveda to fulfill their deep predilections and flair for art. The different Gods were worshipped during different generation of the days and nights. The Brahmanas who supposed to be the highest topmost Varnas were responsible for t all(prenominal)ing the art and literature.The religion and music were associated with each other and the artist was supposed to give up all worldly pleasures and comforts and devote himself richly to his art. The women basically were expert in fine art than performing arts. Indian Classical dances also flourished in the same period. Along with the progress in music, the arts of choreography and theater were also in vogue. consort to the L inga Puraana, a major disciple of Shivaa named Nandikeshwara wrote a treatise on the subject of dancing called Nritya- Darpan. (Nritya means dance and darpan means mirror).2 In Vedic period the music would be highly esteemed place in each family. Vocal Music, dance, and instrumental music would be performed in strict rhythm. Vedic period was prosperous from all point of views. In music theatre and drama also this civilization had given remarkable contribution. The major book written on classical music dance and drama was by sage Bharata which and so became popular as Natyashastra. It is the major dramatic theory of Sanskrit drama. This book has given the proper rules of writing, performing dance, music, and theatre.The lease period of Natyashastra is unknown but it is predicted that it was written in 200B. C. to 200A. D. Vedic Architecture There was a strong background of science behind every Vedic Architecture. Vedic Architecture was known as Vastu Shastra. essentially the bu ildings built in ancient India were based on the scientific parameters. While describing about the Architecture in India Swami B. G. Narasingha in his article Vastu Shastra and Sacred Architecture states, Throughout the world its hard to find a place where sacred architecture is as developed a science as is that found in India.Indias ancient temples and palaces are certainly among the finest ever built. From the Taj Mahal, the seventh wonder of the world, to the Pagodas of Tamil Nadu, from the Himalayan hillock shrines to the great temple at Jagannatha Puri, India is a veritable treasure-house of sacred architecture. In fact at that place are more existing examples of sacred architecture in India than in all other countries of the world combined. 3 Empirical Vedic mathematics In Vedic period, the major mathematicians like Aryabhatta, Brahmagupta, and Bhaskara II who contributed in achieving the capital progress in mathematics.The Indian mathematics was well advanced and the scho lars of mathematics studied basically tenfold number system, zero, and negative numbers, arithmetic and algebra. There was a gap of a few hundred old age between Vedic period and the first millennium A. D. when the works of some major Indian astronomer-mathematicians like Aryabhatta, Brahmagupta, Shridhara and Bhaskara I and II appeared. 4 The Vedic mathematics was basically composed in Sanskrit language which used to be the official language of Aryans. The mathematical works consisted of the section of sutras.In these sutras the mathematical problems were stated into verses so that it would be possible for the students to understand them quickly. The special characteristic of Vedic mathematics is that though the enormous texts they were they were preserved by generation through oral tradition. The people in those days used to learn it and thus by learning the sutras and all other mathematical concepts they preserved the mathematics and handed over it to the next generation. It i s real an amazing characteristic of Indian culture. truly remarkable achievements of the Indian pandits who have preserved enormously bulky texts orally for millennia. 5