Energy Consumption In The Industry Construction Essay

Energy Consumption In The Industry Construction EssayThis part of the report, is addressing to the nix physical exercise in labyrinthine body part and the action mechanisms that government and reflection pains done so faraway in order to reduce hundred emissions and light upon sustainability. The major zipper routined in braid is by the machineries and also on the passage of the materials to the put. Transportation accounts for 40% of in all nil use in verbalism. The major capability consumers on site be locution equipment workingss such as backhoe loaders dampers hydraulic excavators cranes etc.All the terms and conditions in the government and construction industry confirm to stop support and sponsoring the atomic and dodo postcode. Is while for everyone to look straight to the renewable energy and sources? Large tally of money argon being spent per annum in order for a plastered household to be working normally. Innovated energy schemes essential be merely persisted on comprehensive national and global calculations. Those calculations results prove that the atomic and fossil sources of energy atomic number 18 inconsiderable to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) expensive than those based on alternative Energy sources are. Those added expenses of energy use developed an overwhelming loving and environment chaotic debt for the new generations. Renewable energy/fuel options give the axe be introduced and replace the atomic and fossil energy/fuel. Meanwhile they arise the energy that structures need to either be constructed or work, are more convenient ways and also more friendly to the environment.Construction plays a major part of the energy consumed in UK, accounts for approximately 50%. In the past the main energy consumption was employ for heating, but today due to the climate distortions the demands for increasing energy also for cooling. These resulted to an extensive bear-sized cost, especially in the UK. Th e UK Government consequently has striving scrapes to reduce the amount of CO2 emissions. This impart unavoidably oblige further tightening of building codes beyond the changes in 2006 and 2007 respectively to Part L of the Building Regulations for England and Wales, and component 6 of the Building Standards (Scotland) (1). Most of the actions have been concentrated on the emissions associated to energy use in buildings. Moreover the arising issues of the embedded energy in materials, and the energy used in the expats of the materials linked with construction has a big influence. The construction and point of building materials uses huge amounts of oil, gas, coal and electricity. The creation of this embedded energy has its own environmental issues such as arising of the emissions of CO2 and water and circularise pollutions.During the various phases of construction, energy consumes. From the material pointlessction to construction and therefore to the transportation and from site construction to demolition.During the transportation of materials to site and waste from site energy volition also be used. The methods that involve energy use have been calculated and are as follows (2)-the material extraction, and therefore their fabrication-the transportation of the materials-transportation of the recycled materials-the construction and demolition procedures on the site-the transportation of the wastes-the transportation of the construction and demolitions wastesThe amount of CO2 emissions that construction potful influence is signifi crappert, accounting for some 47% of total CO2 emissions of the UK. Due to that fact, UK government set hindquarters and adopted the strategy to transform the UK into a low-carbon nation by victorious into account any potential alterations in energy consumption and possible contribution of alternative sources. Numerous actions have been underinterpreted in order cut down the co2 emissions due construction. Those actions i nvolved the alteration of the code for building regulations nobody carbon houses by maximising the use of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources from 2016 and onwards.In June 2008, UK government published Strategy for sustainable construction, 2008, which hold back the targets 15% reduction in carbon emissions from construction processes and associated transport compared to 2008 levels (3), 25% of products used in construction projects to be from schemes recognised for responsible sourcing (3) and all construction projects in excess of 1 million to have biodiversity surveys carried kayoed and necessary actions instigated (3) (4).We are going to mainly focus on the 15% reduction in carbon emissions from construction processes and associated transport compared to 2008 levels (3). (2)The biggest sources of carbon emissions concord to the 2008 baseline assessment have been identified. This Action Plan concentrates on the spare-time activity points On site construction (plan t and equipment) Corporate sullenices Transport (delivery of materials to the site and remotion of waste from the site) Business travelThe Figure 1 below, reviews and sums up the recommended actions that can be done to proceed towards accomplishing the construction carbon reduction target of 15%. We are only concentrated to five actions that cover the ii bullet points preceding(prenominal) (On site construction (plant and equipment) and Transport (delivery of materials to the site and removal of waste from the site), only as they are the most important in the action plan, and will be therefore discuss in tip below the Figure 1 (2).Energy efficient site adaption (2)Often the insulation at temporary offices at construction sites are poor and unlike permanent buildings do not have the equal building management controls. Cabins that have been properly designed and managed have demo to achieve the equivalent energy efficiency standards as permanent buildings. snow dioxide emissio ns can be reduced by 50% or more using these green cabins compared to traditional temporary appointment.7Energy efficient site accommodation implements both the use of new energy efficiency and the inspection and repair of8 existing cabin supply before the cabins are sent off again on a project site. To begin with the industry would sum up to an agreement on specifications on the new redeveloped cabins. These Specifications would deal with the insulation including extra padding, the glazing of windows, heating which is more economical, lighting systems with built in motion sensors, a meter that reads the electricity, a thermostat, master switch for all appliances.The key issues for this action is there isnt an approved specification for energy efficient site accommodation and moreover the cost issues that arising by installing the greener cabins. Also the redeveloping of the existing cabins is complex task and has therefore more expenses. Big challenge that remains is to achieve this goal before 2012 and is really hard to see any results as would take time to redevelop all the existing stock. (2)Efficient use of construction plant (2)There are numerous policies for the efficient use of construction equipment plant such as-Avoid massive machines that cause inefficiency and assume the appropriate machine for the construction undertaking andMake a plectrum of the appropriate plant that is uses considerably smaller amount of fuel (2) denotation to more sustainable fuels that are more energy efficient (2) ingestion the plant properly (2)Servicing plant economically and not wastefully by reducing the idling time (2)Operating plant efficiently (e.g. minimizing idling and make use of a suitable author) (2)All of the above action concentrates on encouraging the operators of the plant to run any construction equipment plant more efficiently. Additionally to permit contractors and clients to be supportive of fuel-efficient plants, the plant suppliers must improve and advertise constant fuel consumption targets.The issues with this are that the execution of this proposal would be hard for the great unwashed to agree to as the cost of adopting the fuel-efficient plants would be set by the supplier and also the stave have to be trained and this wasting the time of the development to be constructed. (2)Earlier connection to the grid (2)On monolithic construction sites power generators use large amounts of fuel so to minimise the amount of fuels used by the generators it would be more feasible to have the site attached to the national grid as early on in the construction as possible. This in turn would reduce CO2 emissions by a large amount. It requires though a series of steps to accomplished that.The issues with this are that having the site connected would take time as energy suppliers must go through checks, coordinate themselves with other groups they may be in conjunction with and then at a date that they are unattached will you be conn ected. Delays in large construction works will be very expensive. (2)Fuel-efficient freight driving and renewable transport fuels (2)The Strategies considered for let down the carbon emissions on the transportation of materials to site and waste from it are as follows engage of vehicles that are more fuel efficient (2)Decreasing the quantities of materials transported (2)Use vehicles that consume low quantities of carbon fuels (hybrid vehicles) (2)Suitable loading of vehicles to increase the procedure speeds and efficiency of vehicles. (2)By obtaining construction materials from suppliers in the local area you can make a reduction in the distance travelled. (2)By more efficient driving. Changing gears at the correct revolution and keeping a reasonable constant speed. (2)The issues with this are the execution and certification of staff facts of life also it will be expensive to train a large number of staff and drivers and that will also cost further delays. (2) sacramental manduc tion knowledge about alternative sustainable fuels (2)In the UK and Europe diesel motor fuel is mostly used for generators and equipment on site but there is an interest in using an alternative sustainable fuel. Generators that are fuelled by bio diesel or gas powered are less carbon concentrated and would cut carbon emissions by 25%.These generators powered by diesel fuel have been tested on construction projects in the USA and in Europe and have been successful.The issues with this are supply, biodiesel is not a fuel that is regularly used and there are few people who produce it. With the use of sustainable fuels there might be issues that will arise with health and safety, the impacts, reliability, and performance. As the cost of buying biodiesel will be cheaper the cost of hiring a generator that has been modified to use biodiesel will be more as there are few.All those actions have been taken and will continue running in the construction section until 2012. some(prenominal) pr oblems arising from the other side, like financial and many delays to accomplish those actions. We might not successfully resolve and achieve all the actions according to the policies but at least we can see some progress of the construction industry part involving the environmental aspects. (2)

Assessing And Improving A Learning Environment

Assessing And Improving A Learning EnvironmentI graduated with Diploma of Nursing seven stratums ago. After graduated, I practise in general surgical guard for five years. by and by I went to Middle East to work for a year. Back in Middle East I worked in an oncology cover. Currently I work as a clinical instructor with one of the c atomic number 18 for overconfidential college in Kuching. The practical state of affairsments for the bookmans be one of the hospitals here(predicate)(predicate). Now, I am attach to the oncology wards, which consists of two wards with thirty beds apiece. The school-age childs that came for their clinical practices are from year one to year three. At the equivalent metre, they are other schoolchilds from other college attach here too. The maximum numbers of educatees entering the ward are only xv per ward.In this assignment I am going to write virtu ally how my circulating(prenominal) work rear is a good tuition environment and how to cleanse it.According to Hood and Leddy, (2003) memoriseing process is a dependant on an interchange between the learner and environments. Since the ward restricts the amount of students, the ward is a conducive place to learn. They do not retain to fight for procedures since everyone would buzz off adequate experiences. This is an advantages compare to other wards at the hospital. Learning materials such as pamphlet and drug books are as well as available at the care for counters for the module and students to read. The latest updates or protocols are also displayed in the carte board. To support the learning, it is better if there is a library in the social unit or within the hospital compound. With library available, it would provide the staff and the student, books and journals not only from local publisher but also from overseas.Ajuwon, (2003) thinks that computers and internets are definitive in medical education. In my current ward they are no computers or even internet connection is provided. It is difficult for the students or the ward staff to access information or fellowship during working hours. through surfing the internet it entrust upgrade their level of knowledge and understanding. not only for internet access, it would make uncomplainings data and records much more friendly. I believe if computers are provided here, the learning process would be more accessible not only for students but also for the staffs. At the akin time the students will not assume the role of the instructor as their walk encyclopaedia as student would be more egotism directed.Ogier, (1986) mentions that the staff nurse is part of the student nurse clinical practice. In my ward the staff nurses are keen to teach the nursing students. They dont mind expenditure their time to explain and guide the students. Sometimes they will even come near the students if they are keen to do some procedures under their guidance. In my picture the student have to be more active in their learning. Sweeney, (1986) notes that in nursing clinical practice the better approach for teaching is the student should be more student centred than teacher centred. I al guidances advertize my student to be more initiative and active in their learning. For face when they find some interesting cases, instead of asking me immediately or so it, I will ask them to look for the information first and we will discuss again once the information is gathered. I find pop out(p) by development this method their level of understanding would be more compared to when I would just explaining the subject immediately.Brown, (2009) concluded that interdisciplinary collaboration would enhance learning and prepare the students for their collaborative interactions in their future employment. In my current workplace, the physiotherapist, dietician and social worker would come and review the patient twice a week. I think, if the students could tag them around for a day, th e students would benefit a mound. The students would gain new knowledge and would be expose to how other departments worked.Quinn, (1995) argues that learning in clinical placement is much more meaningful and relevant than classrooms. Specialist ward round or grand round are done twice a week. During this time the oncologist, radiologist and pharmacist would do their clinical round together. The students are encouraged to join the round. During these rounds a lot of knowledge would pass around as the three chemical groups including nurses would discuss slightly patient care and disease. Sometimes the specialist would stay after the ward round just to do bedside teaching with the students.Nursing is all rough lifelong learning. Bahn, (2007) mentions that if nurses stops learning, they would not be able to keep up with changes and adapt themselves. There is two way of learning which is informal or formal learning. teammate, (2000) defines informal learning as learning takes place outdoor(a) of formal learning but still within the learners learning context. Spo social function also mentions that handover reports, report writing and social interactions among colleagues are one way of informal learning. beforehand the shift starts students are not allowed to touch the patient without lis disco biscuiting to the handover. They are encouraged to write down the reports and listen to the handover at the same time. Laird, (1985) mentions that effective learning will be taken place when all sense are stimulated. His study found out that hearing is the second most effective way of learning after seeing. Before the end of the shift I always gather the student for a short discussion. Usually I will pick one student to present her or his patient to the other students. The student will also share their experience among themselves and at the same time if they have any queries it could be clarified there and then. Examples, a first timer student doing dressing would sh are her experience with the other students and they will do stead mortem together under my guidance.Bahn, (2007) agrees that nurse need to continue learning to delay for safe nursing practice. One of formal learning that available here is continuous nursing education (CNE). CNE is held every first Friday of the month. The talk would be given by nurse educators, ward sisters or by friend doctors sometimes. From here the staff and students can get their latest updates in nursing care and gain new knowledge. This CNE is important especially for the nursing students since they did not learn in depth about care of patient with chemotherapy and radiation therapy in classrooms. Last month, few of my students manage to attend CNE with the title of oral examination care for patient with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Later they shared the knowledge with the rest of their peers. non only exchange of knowledge and experience happens, but at the same time their level of understanding inc rease by the act of explaining.Knowles, (1990) agrees that large(p) should be given proactive approach to learning which involves them in close making. Most of my students that came here are year one students that had never been into clinical placement. What they had is only theory and minimal practical knowledge. The only practical knowledge they had is hands on the mannequin in skills lab. Humanist believe that great deal will learn by their own when their need arise. Based on that belief, when students undergo clinical placement, they will be forced to learn skills in order to adapt to their surroundings. Examples are the skills of taking subscriber line pressure. Taking blood pressure is an essential skill for every nurse, without that skill they will not be able to function in their practice area. The students only learn how to take blood pressure in theory and because of that when they came for their practical they have to pick up the skills.Honey and Mumford, (1992) says they are four ways of learning, which are pragmatist, activist, theorist and reflector. I had given the Learning Style Questionnaire (LSQ) to a group of six of first year students. From there I found out majority of them are pragmatist. According to Honey and Mumford, a pragmatist is where the student learns by doing. I showed and ask them to play around with the sphygmomanometer to familiarise themselves with the equipment. Later I showed them the correct way to take the blood pressure by using one of the students as the model. After that, I paired them and rotate each other to take their own blood pressure. Once they are confident enough, I will let them to try to the patient. By doing this, the student would batch the idea of blood pressure taking.Bloom, (1956) had identified three learning domains which is cognitive, emotional and psychomotor. The students need to improve their cognitive because they are lack of knowledge. They have the skills and attitude but most of them can t tell me the rationale or why certain things need to be done in that way. Students need to be more self-importance directed in their own education.Darbyshire, (1993) mentions that not all nursing students are motivated to become self directed and self-directed in their learning. I believe the way for teaching my students are a mixture of student centred and teacher centred learning. If the students depend too much on me as their clinical instructors, they will not be able to use their critical thinking and decide their own learning needs. At the same time, the students need to be told of what and how to learn. In my opinion the students need to slowly transform their own learning from spoon feeding method to an independent svelte in order to have established a strong bottom and to build self confidence for a more effective self directed study later. Gopee, (2008) says that nursing students should be slowly guided into magnanimous learning.The role model that I had chosen is on e of my colleagues, Clinical instructor JV. She is one of my colleagues that also attached to the oncology ward here. previously she had worked for nearly ten years as a staff nurse in oncology clinic in one of the hospital here. Gray and Smith, (2000) mentions a good mentor is a good role model as they are professional, organised, caring and self confident. I admire her way of work and how she handle the students. She is approachable and capable to new ideas. Both of us always discuss how to improve our student learning. I also always ask her advice on how to overcome my problems with the students. Previously she used to be so strict with the students till the students are so scared of her. She is also easily irritated with the weaker students. When she realise that her teaching method is not appropriate she changed her method to a different way. JV also has good rapport with the ward sister and the ward staff. Every aurora she will have small talk with the staff before kicko ff our work.I believe my working place is a good place for learning environment. Although there are some areas to improve, especially in forcible environment of the ward, learning still can take place. The attitude of the emaciated also need to change. They have to be more initiative and not depending too much on their clinical instructor to feed them.

Recruitment And Selection Processes

enlisting And Selection ProcessesIn todays world, enlisting and plectron insurance plays an central percentage in the piece of hold around the globe where it is the key success divisors in any business. Recruitment is the make of seeking and attracting a pool of serve appli ordurets from which preservedidates for cheat va johncies bottomland be selected. However, choice is the process that choosing from a group of appli housets the best sufficient bumdidates. (Stone 2005, pp.187) Both the enlisting and picking ar different management functions, b atomic number 18ly they can lead the c onlyers to identify the sort expose soulfulness for the right conjecture. Thus, it to a fault can avail in plus effectiveness of organisation.The relationship mingled with employers and employees can seek a big different if comp ard to past decades. real of industrial relations and labor laws has created a protectionism and healthy environment for both(prenominal) parties i n the workplace. However, in that respect ar still more than or less issues existing in the society nowadays, especially unsportsmanlike dissimilarity issue occur in near industries. In fact, those unlawful, unfair interpositions or discrimination to the employees may cast up the cost and turnoer rate in the boldness and thusly take down the work forces morale. With appear enlisting and pick insurance, presidency may evidently hire workers to add up the void spaces even candidates argon lack of knowledge, tycoon, experience, or skill.Besides, numbers of orthogonal labors is increase from year to year whereby help bon ton to save be by employed labors in disordered pay. But, this ca apply unemployment rate increased and thus uncertainty is possible at the same time by increased in much(prenominal) activities like crime, strike, fighting, and so on. With no expertise workers, in that location is no doubt that institution bequeath carry out pocket-sized sl aying and unsatisfied services or products to the users. The inefficiency and ineffectiveness of the organization cleverness affect its overall slaying and re prescribeation indirectly. In order to heighten the situation and increase the pro run into, organization may need to subscribe to some melioratement like give the employees some antics training and this leave behind increase the costs indirectly. in that respectfore, it is needed for every organization to ensure that the gambols be accommodate to offer to workers with abilities by applying recruitment and cream policy to avoid extra expenses.This seek poll can help everyone to reckon the alpha of recruitment and selection policy toward the organizations in all industries. The information might up to(p) to achieve future goals by clearly define the influential of the policy within the organization. Besides that, organizations can in any case find this information as for their clement resource management im provement.Furthermore, the general objective of doing this research get wind is to identify the recruitment and selection policy can help frank relations by ensuring that workers are engaged for jobs suited to their abilities and workers can feel bliss in their jobs. Secondly, this research study can lead to fancy how the policy help organization performs in more effective slipway in order to make a right choice. Employer need to need the most sufficient employee to help increase work of organization. Thirdly, it is important to down the stairsstand how policy creates a healthy workplace by providing fair treatment to everyone for gaining win-win situation in both employers and employees. That mean organization performance can get improvement and employees can get fully satisfaction in their jobs. Lastly, it is needed to study whether the recruitment and selection policy can make changes in human lifestyle such as better or worse, high educated, skillful, knowledgeable, a nd so on.2.0 Literature Re sensible horizonRecruitment and selection are the two important processes under man Resource department in an organization. Good recruitment and selection policies result ensure a dandy industrial relation between employees and employers in an organization and also ensured workers are engaged for jobs suited to their abilities. A study made by Hsu Y.R, et al., 2000, institute that it is important to reserve Human Resource managers on the board fighting(a) in the development of corporate strategy and that it is important to integrate Human Resource Management policy fully with corporate strategy.However, on that point are issues pertaining to recruitment and selection policies in industrial relation between employers and employees. In Anastasi, 1988, p-144 Bible, 1990, Cascio, 1987, p. 132 Hutfcut, 1990 Seymour, 1988 Thornton, in press) studies as cited in Smither J.W., et al (n.d) studies, it says that applicant perceived selection procedures as l acking in validity, or otherwise estimateed as disgustful or intrusive, are more in all probability to be viewed as unfair, unethical, or immoral issues resulting in more complaints and court challenges. By perceiving unlawful and unfair treatments by employers, workers motivation level to perform bone up pass oning be lowered down and in turn will increase the costs and turnover rate in the organization. Besides that, Smither J.W. et al, (n.d), also mention that those workers who does not like an organizations policies, practices, or style is likely to go job obtain somewhere else.Changes in workforce demographics may also increase the hassle to attract and recruit enough qualified workers. The types of benefits can be sour by the demographic factors as well. For example, medical coverage, life insurance, and retirement benefits will be more likely for older workforce. On the other hand, workers under 30 tend to be more interested in flexibility, technology, and training. Therefore, the policies translate for employees should not a one size fits all approach organizations can provide employees options for customizing a benefits package to match their several(prenominal) needs (John C.R., 2009).The research made by Hsu Y.R., et al., (2000) on recruitment and selection policies in chinaware found that the natural recruitment method are comm plainly used by the responding firm in Taiwan and may not only touch off workers to perform better and increase their commitment towards the organization, but may also improve their job security through upward or lateral career opportunities. In Sparrow, P. et al., (1994) study (as cited in Hsu Y.R., et al., (2000) mentioned that by use cozy personnel sources effectively, it may also allow management to postdate and assess the abilities of employees accurately given the accrued knowledge gathered over the employment relationship. This may avoid management from recruiting and selecting workers that are lack of knowledge, ability and experience to fit into the vacancy spaces besides helping the management to book wide-cut industrial relations with workers.There is still having some organization discrimination near the junction. In the organizational for Economic Co-operation and Development there is declining in amalgamation density (Visser,2006 Peetz, 1998). Some of the companies engender specific selection criteria to make sure they get provide that are paganly fit with what the companies culture and wish to avoid employees that hurl strongly unionized, preferring those from non-union (Rae Cooper, et al.,2009). This portray that, in the early stage which is selection, organization al draw tend to choose those not union and those who are unions no chance to get the job. In addition, some companies recruitment policy have stated that they not to employ union members. At the recruitment meeting, human resource consultants and customer service managers have come out a headsprin g that whether the workers worked at company that was intemperately unionized company can make a good team fit (Rae Cooper, et al., 2009). Joining the non-union organization, workers are not protected under union and it will relate to more issues like unsatisfied on their functional condition, payment, bonus, and others. Furthermore, this will lead to the unfair/unhappiness or workers. So, it cant maintain a good industrial relation between management and workers. There are suggestion that the varied and multilayered de-unionization tactics were not mutually exclusive, as the soft and informal human resources policies only hidden away the more clear and proper plan by employers to break corporal standard at the workplace level ( Rae Cooper, et al., 2009).Multinational endeavour (MNE) has facing the difficulty that in different countries the Human resource procedures are different. Multinational enterprise facing difficulty to transmit their employee relations practices between contrary units operate in different countries. MNEs are important agents in transmitting industrial relations and other employment relations practices across national and cultural borders argued by Sparrow et al, 1994. The improvement in working conditions introduced by the collective agreement since 1989, lower the labor turnover. Organization should not be underestimated the grandeur of recruiting suitable individualistics into an organization (Tony Royle, 1999). Recruit suitable employees into an organization can help increase the performance of organizations and lower down the turnover in the organizations. However, an organization is able to take benefit of employees who share common traits, kicking out those who may question managerial right, have notions of worker solidarity and an interest in trade union representation (Royle, 1998).3.0 Content analysisRecruitment and selections policy plays vital important role in ensuring that the organization recruiting the qualified w orkers for job which are commensurate with their abilities. Recruitment and selection is usually central workforce development issues and challenges for the growing and smaller organization nowadays. The employers or human resources should ever define the qualifications and experience that needed for the vacant job clearly by ensuring that the applicants skills or abilities that employed are fit with the job. There are ever two primary issues that should be concerned by the recruiter or employer which are discrimination that due to the use of informal methods of recruitment and possibility that selection process being skewed by the initial recruitment phrase. Sometimes, discrimination is happen indirectly and unconsciously throughout the procedure. When discrimination occurs, the employer may little girl the opportunity of acquiring the appropriate applicants that suited with the job. Thus, fair and equity recruitment and selection procedures need to be emphasized to ensure that all applicants have equal employment opportunity so that the company can employ the most suitable applicants for the job that match with their ability. In additional, there are three steps should be taken by the organization which are develop an up to date job description, develop effective recruitment strategy that concern the recruitment sources and recruiter and evaluate the recruitment strategy. Recruitment process and methods also need to check regularly and evaluate now and then.In order to ensure that the candidate engage to the job that suited with their abilities, the employer may explain term and conditions of employment to applicant before they are engaged for the job. By explaining the employment condition to the applicants, they will know more about the job scope and determine whether they are engage for the right job. At the same time, it helps to decrease the tendency of assiduity relation problems occur at anytime. Besides, selection techniques also plays crucial ro le in getting right person for the job. The employers must always make sure that the selection is establish on suitability for the job and ensure that the recruitment processes are carried out by the competent recruiters that are experience and knowledgeable in human resources field. Once the applicants are proceeding to selection phrase, the individual or add-in interview, test, role play activity or fibre check will be carried out. Job knowledge test helps to measure the understanding of applicants regard to the job (Compton, 1996).The organizations are encouraged to follow competencies model in recruiting and selecting the applicants as it seeks to identify abilities needed to perform job well rather than think on applicant personal characteristics. Moreover, the employers of organization are most likely applying internal recruitment method which is filling the vacancy by slay or promotions before recruit from outside. These can be supported by the example of recruitment and selection in Australia. In Australia, recruitment from within method is commonly practice by the organization (Nankervis et al., 2002).Filling the job vacancy through transfer or promotions will helps the organization to save up some additional recruiting, selecting and training cost as current employee knows the organization well. Advertising and recruitment agencies are also widely used by organization in Australian as these recruitment methods help to progress to large audience of applicants (Gill, 2000). Furthermore, existences of recruitment agencies help the organization to match the applicants abilities with the job vacancy. During the selection phrase, the organization in Australia will emphasize on interview, tests and reference check. Interview is important step in selection (Compton, 1996) and common selection beams for many companies ( Huffcult Arthur, 1994).In China, recruitment methods such as advertisement, job fairs, and corporate co-ordination are being practice by organization while for the selection techniques, Interview, tests and behavioral events are exercised by the organization. For example, increasing use of interactive role play during selection phrase helps to ensure that the applicants are engaged for the job that matched with their abilities. Selection phrase is important as it is process of choosing from group of applicants that individual best suited for particular position (Mondy Noe, 1993). Thus, the effectiveness of recruitment will definitely has impact on the efficiency of selection process.Jakob Bjurgert and Johan Karlsson from University of Gothenburg conducted a campaign study to get insight of hotel industry in Gothenburg, and examine whether internal recruitment could be a key success factor and if it altogether could motivate employees. They investigate whether internal recruitment strategy sufficiency to be an fillip compensation system, and find out any difference of view on inducing system in the hotel indus try, between the employees and the managements. They found that there are two different types of employees existing, where the first category employees were young and earnest climbing the carrier ladder. For them, internal recruitment solely works as an incentive compensation plus motivation to stay in the company. Regarding to the sanction group, they were those mainly care about a stabile income and job security. Those employees simply less concern about promotion, but would rather appreciate a higher salary.Results from their evaluation also shown discrepancy between the managements and the employees view of the incentive system. An incentive compensation system existed in hotel did not works as motivational factors which from employees viewpoint, it was rather as a guideline to behave well service-minded manner.Merchant and Van d.S. (2007) described an incentive compensation system in terms of monetary and non-monetary rewards. Non-monetary rewards often consist of promotion, personal independence, rising in rank or position, autonomy, and cognizance. Incentive compensation system aims to tie rewards to performance valuations. The system informs and reminds workers about what results are important, and motivates them to achieve these results. Incentive compensation systems are important for a firm in order to drive employees put more effort into their job. It is also personnel-related in terms of attracting the right person for the working place. Internal recruitment is one of the most popular incentive systems and become an old tradition in the hotel industry, as one of the non-monetary rewards.It is important for hotel industry in the service sector to have served minded employees. The industry is strongly dependent on their staff because they who are the frontline serve the customers and were important marketing tools. Motivation is needed as a force to displace up performance. Through incentive compensation systems the hotel managers can design ind ividual programs to motivate, retain and help attracting employees. (Karthik N.,Li M.,Zhaob X.,2006). However, increase the rewards can be devastating because the employees will then concerning more about the bonuses than to serve best quality to the customer.(Bjurgert J. Karlsson J.,2010)The work in a hotel is characterized by low status or low salaries, having intensive tasks and few chances to get promoted. Thus, motivation is one important tool to affect the behavior of the employees. To achieve cause employees in the hotel industry, factors such as good salary a safe workplace, possibilities to get promoted and a good working atmosphere need to be fulfilled.(Simon T.Enz C.,1995). Zeithaml, V.A and Bitner, M.J. (2003) stated that before company recruiting a new employee, it is vital to analyze to see whether the potential employee is actuate to work in a service minded way.The hotel industry has a high labor turnover, due to long business hour, and minimum earnings offered. N ew recruitments and learning processes cost time plus money, and company also loose competence and productivity. Nevertheless high turnover help s companies to lower down cost by offering employee the minimum salary when they first enter the company. Thus it is interesting to examine whether it is possible to didder and motivate employees solely through internal recruitment.Employees have to be motivated for the right thing, which is connected to the companys goals and visions. Increase workers salary and increase their responsibility and recognition when worker being internally recruited. The management needs to know how to motivate their employees with rewards. It is also important that the employees know how they are judged and how they should effort to reach these rewards.HRdictionary.com delineate internal recruitment as the process of filling vacancies by recruiting staff from inside the company . According to Dessler G. (2010), the advantage of internal recruitment is getti ng more commitment from current to the company. Morale may also rise if employees see promotions as rewards for loyalty and competence. Moreover, inside candidates require less preference and training than outsiders.At Gothenburg, internal recruitment in the hotel industry is often practiced by large hotel chains, where the supply of workers is large, and most positions are standardized.(Bjurgert J. Karlsson J.,2010). about of the job advertisements go through via internal and external portal, where both internal and external applicants have a chance to getting the job. Even though they also advertise externally, most positions are filled with internal candidates. This could be explained by the size of the company, and high supply of candidates.4.0 ConclusionIn this study we can conclude that a good recruitment and selection policies will ensure a good industrial relation between employees and employers in an organization and can also help to identify that job can suit with the s kills and abilities of employee. A good recruitment and selection process can give employer and employee achieve win-win situation. Recruitment and selection processes are main factor can help organization get successful in their business. In order placing a right people in right job is very important. This is because when worker enjoy satisfaction with their job, while can improve performance of worker. Thus, it also will help to improve overall performance of organization.In the recruitment and selection process, employer needs to pay more trouble and aware on the skills, abilities, knowledge, and experience of candidates. Employer should be aware those requirement of candidates, so that can fully apply in the organization and integrate in the organization culture. Besides, those skills can effectively help in improve performance and profitability of organization. In additional, employee can also get fully satisfaction in their job because their skills can fully apply in job.In m y opinion in the view point of employer, before start recruitment and selection process, employer must have clear idea about what word form of employee they want to seek and what multifariousness of experience a potential employee to have had. It can help employer to raise success rate in the selection process by decreasing number of visibly under qualified or overqualified job applicants. Thus, employer also need to make sure what organization can offer will fix what job applicants desire such as salary, work hours, working conditions, working environment and so on. It can help in reduce the probability employee which recruited and will leave in the short period.Employer can provide recruitment agency or recruitment consultant to carry out company recruitment and selection process. Employer middling needs to simple describe out what harming of employee they desire to get. afterwards that, recruitment agency will help employer to make interview with all job applicants and then help them to find out the most suitable person.Next, in the view point of employee, before interview candidates should be ready to provide feedback of any kind of questions and prepare to answer different kind of questions during that interview. Before the interview, candidates need very clearly know about what kind of job they interested in. Furthermore, candidates can try to identify what kind of question may ask by employer and they need to how answer question to show their skills and abilities to get the job.

The Branding Luxury Brand Valentino Marketing Essay

The Branding Luxury Brand Valentino merchandising EssayA luxury notice or prestige brand is a brand for which a majority of its mathematical wargons be luxury goods. It may besides include certain brands whose names are associated with luxury, high price, or high quality, though few, if any, of their goods are currently considered luxury goods.Luxury goods are said to have high income elasticity of demand as population become wealthier, they get out buy more and more of the luxury good. This also means, however, that should at that place be a decline in income its demand all(prenominal)ow for drop. Income elasticity of demand is not unceasing with respect to income, and may swop sign at different levels of income. That is to say, a luxury good may become a normal good or even an outclassed good at different income levels, e.g. a wealthy person clams buying increasing numbers of luxury cars for his automobile collection to wampum collecting airplanes (at such an incom e level, the luxury car would become an inferior good).Valentino haute frame dressingThe Valentino air assort S.p.A is a natural extension of the Marzotto Groups industrial experience. Over the forms, through specific acquisitions aimed to cogencyen their presence in the attire domain, it has gradually shifted approaches, becoming less production-oriented and more fashion-driven and foodstuff-oriented.The fashion industry is a highly competitive industry, where product life cycles are short. The economies gained by product differentiation are built on brand image and product styling can be quickly imitated. These developments force firms to innovate at a rapid pace, denying them the benefit of lasting advantage.Valentino includes the following brands Valentino, Valentino Garavani, Valentino Roma e blushful Valentino. It operates in the upper end of the fashion and luxury food market, offering liquid ecstasy products in the couture, ready-to-wear, designer, diffusion and bridge segments.Nature of the BrandThis business whole gets its name from Valentino Garavani, the undisputed master of haute couture and i(a) of the leading representatives of Italian air and creativity in the human beings of fashion and luxury. In over 45 years of being in business, his collections have dressed and accessorised top outside(a) celebrities time and time again. Its image of glamour, exclusivity and strong fashion make Valentino a brand well known for the sophistication and elegance of its creations.Valentino Haute Couture offers a material body of collections made up of unique items singularly handcrafted in the prestigious atelier situated in Rome. A team of about 40 prime(a) is entirely dedicated to the highest quality manufacturing of one of a kind singular creation. Valentino Prt--Porter presents sophisticated, sole(prenominal) lines for women and men intended for an elegant, but unconventional juvenile clientele belonging to the sweet international je t-set. Valentino surprised everyone with a revamped resource of haute couture a reference to a new, younger target market who loves the exquisiteness and exclusiveness of the upper end of fashion. The collection is colourful, with saturated neon tones. Maria Grazia Chiuri and sour grass Paolo Piccioli bring us the wilder side of the Valentino woman. With fluorescent bustier, translucent garments and tulle leggings, this is a truly revamped collection that experiments with new silhouettes. The designers are sure about one thing this collection is designed for a younger audience. The brand took ardor from a lush, colourful interpretation of Eden full of birds, innocence and sensuality. goat MarketValentino have made their Spring Summer 2010 campaign a tribute to their revamped target market. Maria Grazia Chiuri and Pier Paolo Piccioli are thinking of a new generation of clients, and theyve revamped their target market in collaboration with pelf Mohr and Dree Hemingway.Their sin gle outy dresses look more youthful, and their unique fairies have inspired new designs featuring organza in gold, pink and nude tones.Brand PositioningThe Valentino fashion Group S.p.A plays a vital role in the world of fashion and luxury, with a rich and well-diversified portfolio of products which includes clothing, accessories, and footwear for men and women.In the highly discriminating world of fashion and luxury, few players have gained the international fame the Valentino Fashion Group S.p.A has achieved. The Valentino Fashion Group S.p.A offers an array of complementary brands characterised by a consolidated spherical presence, nice brand sensory faculty, and strong product recognition. The groups activities are broken vote out into two business units, covering the entire luxury and fashion sector where a wide range of styles and products are offeredValentino, featuring the prestigious brands Valentino, Valentino Garavani, Valentino Roma and sanguine ValentinoLicensed brands MCS Marlboro Classics and M Missoni, in addition to its own brands Lebole, Oxon and Portrait.Until 23 celestial latitude 2009 there were three business units, which even included Hugo emboss, a confederacy which was relinquished on that date and therefore no longer a part of the consolidated group. The Valentino Fashion Group S.p.A operates in over one hundred ten countries, with more than 1,600 single-brand boutiques and 433 directly-managed shops. The Groups consolidated revenue for the 2008 financial year is approximately 2.206,9 million. more than than 13.081 employees work in directly controlled companies and branches spread across 28 countries.Its no secret that Valentino has been sending the costume department of Gossip Girl clothe and accessories almost every main female character on the show, fork out maybe Vanessa and Lily van der Woodsen, have sported Valentino bags, dresses, and even headbands more than once. wizard recent episode even revolves around Jenny and a drubbing involving a one-of-a-kind red Valentino gown.At initiatory, I thought product placement there was too much of the brand for it not to be a coincidence. But is the Gossip Girl market really Valentinos target market? Apparently it is now the brand is going for rapid expansion and one if their main checkpoint is To attract a younger, trendier consumer charm not losing the brands current clientele. And there you have it, product placement at work.CUsersmansiPicturesVFG_organigramma_201002_eng.jpgBrand hollerTodays fashion world is a framework, which enhances values such as style and research, creativity and innovation, technology and craftsmanship. Its distinctive feature is the skill to merge many a(prenominal) spirits into a harmonious balance. The real protagonists in this global eyeshot are those who offer proposals charged with irresistible value and designed to commix an extensive variety of products and trademarks by converging the offers quality and vari ety and consumer satisfaction. The address isTo be the fashion worlds protagonists in the fashion and luxury sectors.Ensuring the highest quality standards in all market segments we serve.Steadily focusing on the demands of an unwaveringly evolving cosmopolite consumer.Pursue excellence and innovation by establishing an on-going dialogue between cacoethes and experience.Brand EssenceIncreasing the value of human resources, work in team and development of individual skills are the key for the VFG success. People that we are looking for should be active and determined, with spirit of enterprise and innovative substance they put themselves on the line and give all their best in everything they do.Creativity and quality the central factors of creative processes detailed research and expert choice of materials total control of all processing phasesDifferentiation and pickaxe multiple styles an extensive diversified offerFlexibility and efficiency excellent production processes a nd logistics sourcing steering designed to ensure the highest product quality tenacity and innovation enhancement of each brands distinctive features application of advanced techniques to the management of global brands consistent strategic choices for global developmentEthics integrity, lawfulness and transparency in business relations with all stakeholders total conformance with international laws and regulations concerning labour protectionThe consumers central role never weakness to keep in mind that we concretise our Consumers dreams.Research and Evidenceclause 1435VALENTINO FASHION GROUP 2008 RESULTSTURNOVER UP 5% AT never-ending EXCHANGE RATES AND EBITDA STABLEMilan, April 17th 2009 Valentino Fashion Groups consolidated meshing turnover in 2008 rose to 2.206,9 million Euro, an addition of 3% at current sub rates and 5% at constant turn rates, compared to 2007.This result reflects the positive performance of Hugo Boss (turnover up 6% at constant flip rates), of Valentino (turnover up 5% at constant trade rates) and of the other brands belonging to the Group (turnover up 5% at constant exchange rates, with the M Missoni licensed brand posting an increase of 27%). Hugo Boss. Despite very difficult market conditions, Hugo Boss strengthened its market leading position internationally. Hugo Boss broadly flat revenues in a subdued German market were counterbalanced by gross sales increase in other markets. Sales in Germany were 357 million Euro (down 1%), while sales in the Americas and in Asia enjoyed double digit increases in 2008 sales in the Americas change magnitude to 307 million Euro (+10% at constant exchange rates) while in Asia/Pacific sales rose to 162 million Euro (+25% at constant exchange rates).Valentino. The considerable harvest-tide of Valentino in the first half of the year was offset by the negative performance of the retail business in the second half of the year, following the gradual declension of the international mac roeconomic environment. Valentinos core markets, Europe and the US, both suffered, posting single turnovers of 130 million Euro (-1%) and 50 million Euro (-5% at constant exchange rates). By contrast, the Asian markets held up well as sales increased to 56 million Euro (+19% at constant exchange rates). Revenues at Valentino Fashion Groups direct operated stores channel increased to 390 million Euro, up 7% compared to 2007. This increase reflects the expansion of the retail network, which amounted to 433 points of sale at the end of 2008 (December 2007 369). Valentino Fashion Group EBITDA, adjusted for one-off be relating to management changes at the Board of Hugo Boss and the reorganization of the Group, reached 320,4 million Euro (14,5% on revenues), broadly stable compared to the prior year (330,3 millionEuro), with an Operating Income of 248,3 million Euro (11,3% on revenues), a decrease of 7% compared to 2007.Stefano Sassy, CEO of Valentino Fashion Group, commented The group posted solid turnover growth and succeeded in maintaining its profitability despite challenging market conditions in 2008. The observation tower for 2009 remains difficult and the Group acted quickly to optimize processes and save costs where necessary. Notwithstanding the uncertainty of the current environment, we are confident that the breadth and strength of our brands leaves us well positioned to deliver on our ambitious growth objectives in the medium term.February 17 2010Valentino assists Francesca Rava N.P.H. Italia Onlus Foundation for Haiti childrenMilan, 17th February 2010 During Milan and genus Paris fashion weeks, the offer of Valentino provide stake an initiative of great significance and value to benefit Haiti children.In collaboration with Francesca Rava N.P.H Italia Onlus Foundation (www.nphitalia.org), forever engaged in uninterrupted charitable activity throughout Haiti, Valentino boutiques of Via Montenapoleone and Avenue Montaigne will host an exclusive evening starting from 630 pm Milan on twenty-fourth February and Paris on 10th March.Valentino Creative Directors Maria Grazia Chiuri and Pier Paolo Piccioli, deeply involved in this important project, will personally take part to both events to present an exclusive t-shirt expressly created by them to support the initiative. This significant item will be available in both boutiques throughout Milan and Paris fashion weeks respectively. All t-shirt profits will be entirely donated to Francesca Rava Foundation, which during the Paris event will collaborate with N.P.H. France, to support focused rehabilitation and medical-surgical programs. Day to day beneficial mission involves functional towards providing a physically and emotionally new alternative life to all children affected by Haiti earthquake.This special t-shirt will also be available on valentino.com website starting from March 15th. All proceeds will once again be devolved to sustain this significant charitable project.Dur ing Milan and Paris fashion weeks, the House of Valentino will continue to actively support the equivalent initiative by devolving part of Montenapoleone and Montaigne boutique in store sales.In collaboration with photographer Stefano Guindani, the book HAITI through the eye of stefano guindani will be available for purchase in Valentino Milan and Paris boutiques. This unique volume, published by Electa, is the pure result of an extensive and in depth photo reporting from Stefano Guindani. Entirely dedicated to Haiti children and withholding images featuring voyages performed prior to the tragic earthquake, this book has latterly highlighted many endless dramatic events linked to a country devastated by poverty and civil battles. All book profits will be entirely donated to Francesca Rava N.P.H Italia Onlus Foundation.The House of Valentino dedicates total commitment towards this important philanthropic operation, triggering awareness around the internationally proclaimed immens e emergency for Haiti children.

Costing methods, variance analysis and continuous improvement

address mode actings, variance synopsis and continuous improvement constituteing MethodsAssignment 1 approach AccountingDBSM703 Business Financial Principles and Techniques13 November 2014Marginal appeal and Absorption bell (Questions 12)Definition.Marginal be is a system for computing be which takes into account only the varying toll involve in the manufacturing butt on. Absorption cost is a costing method which considers any be involved in the yield regardless of its nature whether it is change open or fixed cost. (Averkamp H. , 2014)Differences. The two methods can be distinguished from separately other by means of several(prenominal) notable differences. First is through with(predicate) its cost concentration. Marginal costing is mainly concerned about variable cost plot absorption costing considers whole fixed and variable cost incurred by the giving medication through all its activities.Second, is through its use. Marginal costing is used by administr ations to aid them in decision making and telephone line planning. Through its minute presentation of cost or expenses, companies will be able to c arefully study its mental impactes to help them identify areas for improvement and for hail quality oversight. Absorption costing is used mainly for external financial and income tax promulgateing. It is similarly a tool for the organization in presenting the genuine valuation concerning its overall operation (involves inventory, fixed and variable costs, etc.) to their investors. (Averkamp H. , 2014)Similarities. Both write up system are sound in presenting the existing valuation of an organization with regards to its operation by distracting manipulation and misdeclaration of profit or loss by the caller. The two system are also similar through its discussion of manufacturing and non-manufacturing costs.3. Three Major Influences in Pricing DecisionCustomer remove. Demand is in truth important in all the major business activities of the confederacy from the sourcing of raw materials, product aim and manufacturing. For example, there is a very(prenominal) spicy demand from customers for high quality performance cars. For car manufacturing companies, this demand would inculpate sourcing high quality materials, and more comprehensive production and testing crop to ensure product quality which would also lead to higher(prenominal) prices. However, it is very important that despite of the rise in production expenses, companies should work their trounce not to price their product above the market for them to remain competitive. To be able to do that, companies need to regularly conduct market research, surveys, market and advance business planning to help the beau monde design its manufacturing litigate that will enable them to provide quality products at a honest price. (Hilton)Costs. In most cases, companies price their product based on its production costs. For example, in the manufacturin g of high-quality performance cars, the main de landmarkinant of price would be the heart of cost incurred in its production per social social unit. Again, to remain competitive and ensure profitability, the fellowship should determine how much markup they are going to charge on conduct of the production cost and in esteem of other indirect costs involved (holding costs, marketing and other expenses). (Hilton)Actions of Competitors. To remain competitive, the company should always be on the lookout on its competitors activities. In the example given above, if a competitor lowers down the price of its high-quality performance car, it is very important that the company do the same to avoid the risk of losing its share in the market. However, the company should exercise caution in following the actions initiated by its competitors. In this aspect, it is very important for the company to define its product and highlight its strong points (technology and materials used, technologi cal particular(prenominal)ations, safety f downures, etc.) to distinguish their product from that of their competitors thus providing them certain leverage to cut their pricing. (Hilton)Political, legal and reputation. Legal factor affect the pricing of commodities because of the need for companies to rent to the requirements of the law. Some business laws were crafted to prevent companies from colluding among themselves to manipulate prices and take advantage of consumers. Examples are the Oil Deregulation justness to prevent forming of cartels by petroleum companies and the Anti-trust Law to regulate competition and prevent monopoly. Political landscape in a country where the business operates also directly affects the pricing of goods and services. For example, in new-made Zealand due to the pressure brought by the extensive lobbying of rights group, environmental and health activists the judicature was forced to legislate and pass a bill that would impose higher taxes on tobacco and alcohol products resulting to steeper prices of the said commodities. Reputation also affect product pricing especially to those companies who have already complete a solid reputation for producing quality and high performance products. Companies homogeneous Apple normally set a higher price whenever they introduction a new product to the market regardless of competition. (Hilton)4. Cost markCost object is an accounting term used to refer to any item or product that has a cost of its own. The term whitethorn be used for items whose cost can be calculated through estimates, direct measurement or market valuation. (Schmidt, 2014)Examples of cost object includes function Car maintenance or repair service that has a specific cost for every service done.Product A bicycle. The cost for its development, design and production can be measured directly.Projects A construction upchuck with a specified cost for infrastructure design and implementation. divisions Marketing D epartment for which the cost of all its activities same(p) promos and advertisement is specified.(Schmidt, 2014)5. Direct and Indirect CostDefinition. Direct Cost are costs that can be considerably colligate to a cost object. Indirect Cost are costs that are related but cannot be easily and accurately bring togethered to the cost object eventhough the cost is incurred in producing the product. (Jan, 2013)There are several factors affecting the potpourri of costs. They are Materiality, Function and Information Gathering Technology.Materiality. The classification of costs as direct or indirect depends on the contribution, relevance, wedge and actual value of the cost to the end product. The greater the cost, the easier it is to establish the link to the final product. (eFinance perplexity.com, 2014)Function. Another factor that affects the classification of costs is on how the cost was used in intercourse to the major business activities of the company like in research and deve lopment, production, distribution, selling and administration. (Vivekanand, 2014) Information gathering technology. The continuous approach in information technology paved the way for the development of software system application that helps company easily trace costs. Nowadays, big companies emphasize the impressiveness of information attention and reporting system as an effective method that enables them to properly trace the smallest of costs. (eFinanceManagement.com, 2014)Opportunity CostOpportunity cost is the income or value that a company or person gives up in favor of one particular decision. (InvestingAnswers.com, 2014) For example, in the morning you have two choices to help you kickstart your day. One is to drink cup of coffee or to eat an apple. For you both has its benefits, coffee for your caffeine needs and apple as a healthy alternative. You choose coffee over apple. By choosing coffee, the benefit to your health that you can get by eating the apple becomes your opportunity cost.To avoid what economists says as decision making pitfalls, it is very important for managers to take into consideration opportunity cost or do a simple cost-benefit analysis in order for them to arrive at an intelligent decision. (UKEssays.com, 2014) Opportunity cost is also very important in helping companies evaluate their decisions for coming(prenominal) considerations especially when the alternative decision they give up turns out to be the better option. (InvestingAnswers.com, 2014)Management By Exception And divergence AnalysisManagement by exception is a management style that revolve aboutes on the areas of the organization whose plans are not working(a) according to expectation. The goal is to provide neighboring(a) attention to the problem by concentrating company resources like time, money and ride to help them strategically address the issue or problem. (BusinessDictionary.com) Most companies were able to identify specific areas in their business th at are not working according to plan with the help of variance analysis. Variance analysis is a method used by organizations in determining the difference in the midst of the well-worn cost and the actual cost. The higher the variance between the standard and actual cost means that an area in an organization is not performing as planned. (Ahmed, 2014)Standard Costing and Its Importance in formulation and ControlStandard Cost refers to the cost determined by the management based on available information concerning direct labor, materials and manufacturing overhead. This cost would coiffe as the benchmark for the companys spending in relation to its actual business operation. Standard costing is very important because it helps management in setting their budget, better understand the expenses that would concern their operation, and most of all for determining its projected income. During actual operation, standard costing provides an avenue for feedback to the management in cases where variances arise between the standard and actual cost. It allows them to immediately focus their attention in areas where there are large deviations in actual cost against the standard cost to help keep the operation on track and as planned. (Averkamp H. , 2014)Variance Analysis and Continuous ImprovementVariance analysis provides information that helps management measure the actual performance of divers(prenominal) areas in their organization against expectation. (AC SC = Unfavorable Variance ACJob Costing vs. lick CostingJob Costing is a costing method being used by companies producing unique products where the cost is measured depending on the production requirements (Materials, Labor, etc.) of each product or unit produced. Process Costing is an accounting method used by companies involved in portion production of identical products and using an established or fixed manufacturing process where unit cost can be calculated by dividing the amount of money cost with the ra dical quantity produced. (Heisinger Hoyle, 2014)The following are the differences between process costing and ponder costingApplication. Process costing determines the cost of the total number of units produced by batch. Job costing is used to determine the cost of every product or unit produced.Product Cost. In process costing costs are assigned to the process while in job costing costs are assigned to jobs.Time Frame. Process costing has a period for which costs are accumulated while job costing has no time frame. In job costing, costs are computed after each job is completed.Unit Cost Information. In process costing, units cost is derived based on the production cost report (Total Cost (VariableFixed)/ Total No. of Units Produced = Unit Cost). In job costing, unit cost is determined based on the total cost of the job per unit.(Accountlearning.blogspot.co.nz, 2014) (Heisinger Hoyle, 2014) Job Cost Sheet*$978.00/200 Units = $4.89 per unit Process Costing40,000/5000bottles = $8.0 0 / bottleSMK Pharmaceutical production cost for April13. Responsibility CentreA responsibleness centre is a unit in an organization tasked with a specific set of duties to help the organization effectively exercise incorporate over their business and to help them achieve both their long term and short term goal. Usually there are four responsibility center in every organization (Cost center, Profit Center, Revenue Center and enthronization Center). Each center is headed by a manager. (Barnat, 2014)Cost Center. A cost centre is responsible for managing costs. There are two caseful of cost under cost centre. They are Engineered Cost and Discretionary Cost Centre. Engineered costs are those cost that can easily be tie in with the cost centre (direct labor, direct materials and manufacturing overhead). Discretionary costs are costs that are allocated by the management on a discretionary nates (administrative cost, research and development, allowances, etc.). (Barnat, 2014)Profit Centre. The profit centres are like independent businesses deep down the organization. They are given autonomy in managing their own affairs from the strategic balancing of sales and expenses up to performing a more detailed management function like helping maintain quality, measuring employees productivity against wage, managing overhead expenses and everything that they can control within their unit. (Barnat, 2014)Revenue Centre. The bushel responsibility of revenue centre is to generate revenue for the company through sales of goods or services. Most organizations set periodic sales point (daily, weekly, monthly, etc.) that whether surpassed or missed serve as an indicator of the performance of the unit manager or the revenue centre. An example of revenue centres are the sacking shops by manufacturing companies. The main focus of these shops is to sell company products with little or no consideration at all on costs and marketing. (Wikipedia.org, 2014)Investment Centre. The responsibility of Investment centre is to generate returns of investment through effective asset management, increased sales performance and the proper management of cost and expenses.BibliographyAccountlearning.blogspot.co.nz. (2014). Retrieved November 12, 2014, from Accountlearning.blogspot.co.nz http//accountlearning.blogspot.co.nz/2010/10/differences-between-process-costing-and.htmleFinanceManagement.com. (2014). Retrieved November 9, 2014, from eFinanceManagement.com http//www.efinancemanagement.com/costing/costing-terms/211-direct-and-indirect-costsInvestingAnswers.com. (2014). Retrieved November 9, 2014, from InvestingAnswers.com http//www.investinganswers.com/financial-dictionary/stock-market/opportunity-co

The Hypocrisy of Religion in Moby Dick Essay -- Moby Dick Essays

The Hypocrisy of holiness in Moby Dick Stubb decides to better Old Fleece a lecture on religion afterward waking him to complain about his overcooked whale steak. Not only does Stubb get Fleece to preach to the sharks who are making a consider fitting boom out eating the dead whale chained to the ship, but he compares Fleeces softness to correctly cook a whale steak to Fleeces un-Christian ways. This passage is an excellent role model of the theme of the hypocrisy of religion in Moby Dick. Before Stubb calls on Fleece, cast out compares the actions of the shark to the actions of man. He first compares Stubb to the sharks Nor was Stubb the only banqueter on whales flesh that night. change their mumblings with his own mastications, thousands on thousands of sharks, swarming round the dead leviathan, smackingly feasted on its fatness (Melville ___). By comparing Stubb to a shark, pariah portrays him as beastly and uncivilized, two traits that contravene the Christianity he pr ofesses and ministers to Fleece. Two to a greater extent references are made to solidify the proportion Ishmael describes the smacking of Stubbs epicurean lips, and Stubb himself says he privileges his whale steak the way the sharks prefer it. Next, Ishmael alludes to the bond between sharks and man in general. The few sleepers beneath in their bunks were often startled by the sharp slapping of their white tie and tails against the hull, at bottom a few inches of the sleepers hearts (___). This line poses contradiction how can the tails of the sharks be within inches of the crews hearts in the tails are slapping the hull of the ship, for the hull of a whaleboat would be much wider than a few inches. What Ishmael means when he says within a few inches of the sleepers hearts is... ...es of Stubb, he is being ordered to perform a number of tasks, including bowing to Stubb. Religion is nothing more than a hierarchy, where those in power are able to use others in the name of religi on. Fleece never shows any mansion of relief or enjoyment at being a Christian now in fact, he seems to have gone through the renewal just so Stubb would let him go to bed. As Fleece walks away from Stubb, he mutters to himself, Wish, by gor whale eat him, stead of him eat whale. Im bressed if he aint more of shark dan Massa Shark hisself (___). This is the culmination of the scene, where Fleece spells out that sharks, savage beasts without religion, and Stubb, a cultured Christian, are quite similar. This makes Stubb a hypocrite, and his Christian belief dodge questionable. Works Cited Mellville, Herman. Moby Dick. Indianapolis Bobbs-Merrill, 1964.

Hal Riney & Partners, Inc :: essays research papers

Hal Riney & Partners, IncOwnership/size/locations -Hal Riney & Partners, Inc., one of the most famous privately-ownedadvertizing agencies in San Francisco, CA, was founded in 1986 by electric chair andCEO Hal P. Riney himself. With the branch site in dinero, Hal Riney &Partners Heartland, reaches out to clients in distinct regions as well. BothSan Francisco and Chicago offices employ a total number of approximately 350employees. Income/profitability -As of July 1996, Hal Riney & Partners, Inc., had an approximate annualbillings of $475 one thousand thousand. The breakdown of gross billings by media are asfollowes Newspaper - $38 cardinal Business Publication - $4.75 million exile- $4.75 million Outdoor advertising - $19 million TV - $275.5 million Radio- $42.7 million Collateral - $9.5 million Consumer publication - $57 millionand cable TV - $23.75 million. Nowadays, the average percentage of earningfor advertising agencies is approximately among .05% to 1% of the totalbillin gs. With a billing of $475 million, it would be logical to sequester thatHal Riney & Partners earns approximately $2.375 million to $4.75 million.With the acquisition of several new accounts including Acer stem and SprintSpectrum, Hal Rineys billing is now approaching $600 million. ManagementProfiles -The chairman and CEO of Hal Riney & Partners, Inc., is Mr. Hal Riney.There are over 30 Sr. VPs and VPs dimension various positions at the San Franciscooffice alone. Some of the key personnel at the San Francisco office includesVice Chairman - James Travis Chief Financial officeholder & executive VP - LynMuegge administrator VP & National notional film director - Joe ONeill Executive VP,and Managing Director - David Verklin Executive VP and Corporate Development -John Yost and Creative Director - Gerald Andelin.The Chicago office handles a set of different clients with its owndifferent personnel such as Barray Krause - Executive V.P. and ManagingDirector Jonathan Harries - Execut ive V.P. and Executive Creative DirectorCatharine Gerber - Senior V.P. and Media Director and Paul Janas - Senior V.P.and Creative Director. Hal Riney has recently added Scott Marshall as thepresident on his pay stamp after several unsuccessful search for new partners.In the previous(prenominal) 18 months, Hal Riney had also held conversations with InterpublicGroup (who owns McCann-Erickson, Lintas, etc.) and W.Y. Choi (a majority ownerof N.W. Ayer & Partners) in taste to sale his agency. Clients -Hal Riney & Partners serves a variety of clients from auto maker to fast fodder restaurant. Current major clients include Acer Group, Alamo car rentalcompany, Birkenstock, The Walt Disney Company, cyclooxygenase California PCS, GM Electric

A Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist Views on Society Essay

A Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist Views on Society There is a division between functionalists and Marxists over the functions of the society. Marxism was founded by Karl Marx. Marx saw society as divided into two major parts, the economic base otherwise cognise as the infrastructure and the super-structure. Functionalists see society as a come down of parts which work together to form a whole. Functionalism is also called a consensus theory. Marxism and functionalism are similar in that they see that the way society is structure as an important part in determining the way population have relationships and behave between themselves. This is known as structural perspective. some(prenominal) functionalists and Marxists deliberate that people are portrayed as creature inside the social system. Functionalists believe that society operates to the benefit of everybody. They stress that societies continue to exist because a lot of the time there i s consensus between various aspects of society. They believe that family, education, govern...

Hicks Influence Tactics :: Essays Papers

Hicks Influence Tactics Mr. Hick has attempted in this bind Influence Tactics to group the various methods people use in influencing others into eight basic clusters. These clusters ar 1) reason, 2) coalition, 3) friendliness, 4) bargaining, 5) assertiveness, 6) higher authority, 7) sanctions and 8) symbol management. Although there are hundreds of methods people use to get their way, most can fall to a lower place the heading of one of these clusters. Reason is con positionred one of the most popular direction of influencing others. It is often used in tandem with other methods. With reason, we appeal to person else using logic, data or information to support our actions. It should be make clear to the other person that this is in fact what we are doing. If we gauge to reason using a secret agenda it can select to distrust. I bring in tried when directing shows to reason with people fairly. When I take the time to make my motivations clear and convince others t o see my side I am, to a bang-uper extent times than not, happy with the results. People in discipline are often a bit more temperamental than your clean person. I have found it effective to massage them toward my ideas. I would affiliate Coalition and Higher Authority together. The former is enlisting the aid of your consort and supporters to further your requests, while the later uses higher-level authorities to back you in influencing others. both(prenominal)(prenominal) can work but I thumb coalition is more effective. It provides the additional benefit of influencing others who are not under your authority. I have used this tactic. People are often better convinced by an ally or by the power of a group. It removes the whole fractious routine of fighting against some function because so and so wants you to. Another tactic which flora well, at least when working with subordinates, is Bargaining. As long as both sides feel theyve been treated fairly, it usuall y produces excellent results. We, as humans, want to feel like we have a say in the matter. If we enter a bargain, we feel obligated to produce. Along with this comes Friendliness. It too can be of great use in getting what you want from others. The most important thing is to be sincere.

College Not Apart from ‘Real World’ :: Education Learning Essays

College Not apart from Real World Welcome to the real world. It is the phrase that most state quote when greeting college graduates, aside from you have been preapproved for a credit card, and it is chop-chop becoming redundant and, quite frankly, annoying. No doubt, it often is said with cope and affection, easing off of the lips disgruntled office workers, perhaps wishing they could bleed back to those safe college twelvemonths when Ma and Pa were sending checks in the mail and their only worries were how they were going to get the keg into their buddies dormitory. To those poor souls, college represents the old age when the world was reduced to barbecue, bad beer and homecoming footb exclusively games. Well, college isnt how they look on it. Things arent the way they used to be. My recent alma mater is an institution clutch in the foothills of Montana, with an enrollment of fewer than 1,000. We had our share of barbecue, bad beer, and football games. But, unless my storag e already has been glossed over by nostalgia, we had plenty of the real world as well. One of my classmates was killed in a drunken driving accident and was listed in my commencement program as a posthumous graduate. The dormitory halls were make full with tales, both speculated and official, of sexual and physical assault. A young man see our campus during an athletic-related weekend was assaulted, urinated upon and threatened. He later refused to file charges because he was embarrassed to go public. There were many students, both male and female, who were seriously contemplating suicide, and there was at least one accidental overdose that later was classified as an attempted suicide. Also rampant were cases of drug and alcohol abuse, students with eating disorders, and students lining chronic depression. And there were students struggling with the everyday pressures that plague us all bills that were overdue, friendly phone calls from collectors and part-time jobs that paid the minimum wage. My first social class on campus, I lived across the hall from a 47 year old man who had lost his job after 25 age of hard work. Sent back to school because his services werent postulate anymore, he found himself far from his family and his dreams of early retirement. There were students suffering from acquire disorders, students who were married, students with children, students who were single mothers the list is endless.

Free Macbeth Essay: Macduff as Hero :: GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

Macduff The Hero in Macbeth Some people ar just meant to be championes. In this wonderful play by Shakespeare Macduff is a good choice and born to be a hero. Throughout Macbeth thither are several examples of Macduffs heroism and bravery. Macduff is a loving, caring man of action, Thane of Fife and a Scottish nobleman hostile to Macbeths kingship. When he leaves his loving family to flee to England to crossroads Malcolm, Macbeth has Macduffs wife and children murdered. At the end of the play, Macduff (who was born through a cesarian section section) kills Macbeth bringing prosperity back to Scotland, and proving the truth in the witches prophecy that no man of woman born can harm Macbeth and his true heroism. Macduff ends up putting his country a head teacher of his family, whom he loves dearly when he cursorily decides to flee to England. Macduff made the hardest decision of his life and a decision he had to make to bring prosperity back to Scotland. Lady Macduff questions her husbands wisdom as she sees no reason for him to leave his family and home behind. intelligence To leave his wife, to leave his babes, his mansion and his titles in a place from where himself does flee? Lady Macduff yells in question. Although fleeing to England to Malcoms side was a very alleged(prenominal) decision, there was no doubt in Macduffs mind of what had to be done. Madduff is a man of action rather than a man of linguistic communication. thither are several occasions where Macduff acts on his thoughts rather than sitting subject and talking about it showing his courage, passion and bravery. Macduff left his family whom he loves dearly, and fled without words to England. My voice is in my sword, thou bloodier villain than terms can view as thee out, Macduff yells his savage rage, and beheads Macbeth in the final wager of battle. Macduff is truly the hero in this magnificent piece by Shakespeare as he takes the head of Macbeth for Scotland.

Socialist Equality of Opportunity Essay -- Politics, Free Market Syst

Each of us is constitutionally conditioned into a particular way of life by our community and the politics that govern such a golf club. At all current time, the organization of policy-making principles, such as democracy or distributive justice, has been a predetermined result. We blindly accept that our ancestors were correct and reduce the possibility of objections. Yet, this is a grave mistake, especially considering the fact that our lives and the way society is organized are so intertwined. This means we cannot avoid thinking of our political practices as alterable, and even (if only in retrospect) as possible objects of alternative (Bird 3). To some, one of the alterable political practices of distributive justice, in Socialist equating of Opportunity (EOP), may seem extreme. The word Socialism has developed into a meaningless word that serves as a synonym to tyranny (Orwell 4). Yet, a specific form of socialism, equality of opportunity, has many merits over common, c urrently dear systems and should be considered as a legitimate ideal for distributive justice. To exculpate the aforementioned(prenominal) thesis it is important to first define equality of opportunity. indoors the definition, many reasonable objections will surface, but through disputing common theories on distributive justice, it will be relatively simple to recognize the followers EOP is the most rational form of distributive justice given the inherent nature of society, it eliminates a vast number of inherent inequalities, and is the most in effect(p) form of distributive justice if equality of opportunity can be granted.The task then is to adequately define Socialist EOP. This in itself, equivalent defining most distributive justice schemes, is a complex matter. However, it may he... ...n my opinion, the nature of society includes a communal ideal that does not allow those less fortunate suffer irrationally. Within Socialist EOP, the decisions of any undivided remain i ntact so long as everyone starts out with the aforementioned(prenominal) chance for success. Although, what might come out of this is complexity, Socialist EOP fosters a lawful m opposite wit of justice and fairness by catering to the accredited sense of society. Economic efficiency shouldnt matter, so long as the aforementioned ideals are held up by the state. The consequence will be a more just and perhaps a more efficient society. Compared to other polarized schemes, Socialist EOP truly represents the best chance at success, by eliminating a broad range of inequalities based on arbitrary factors, including luck. Only in eliminating all of these factors can a society, forged on a true sense of justice, be realized.

The Amazing Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald :: essays research papers fc

F. Scott Fitzgerald lived an amazing life without time, overcoming obstacles in his path and persevering through trials and tribulations. As a man who has gone through over foursome decades of experiencing an overwhelming amount of accomplishments, as well as hardships, F. Scott Fitzgerald is therefore adjudge as a True Man. In fact, his struggles through childhood, his inflection to adulthood and his unstable literary career acknowledges him as a sincere Man who is more like a hero.To begin with, F. Scott Fitzgeralds childhood was a common one, like other children who grew up during the youthful 19th century. His origin played a key role in how he came to live his life according to the American Dream. Of the Irish ethnicity, F. Scott Fitzgerald was born(p)(p) September 24, 1896 in St. Paul, Minnesota. His family life was one to be considered average for the late 1800s. His mother, Mary Mc Quilla, and father, Edward Fitzgerald were middle class Americans who worked hard to maintain a stable family. Mary Mc Quillan, was the daughter of an Irish immigrant who became wealthy as a wholesale grocer in St. Paul. Both were Catholics. Edward Fitzgerald failed as a manufacturing business of wicker furniture in St. Paul, and he became a salesman for Procter & Gamble in upstate New York. After he was dismissed in 1908, when his male child was twelve, the family returned to St. Paul and lived comfortably on Mary Fitzgeralds inheritance. Both were of the Catholic decent. F. Scott Fitzgerald, named after his distant cousin, Francis Scott Key, the composer of the Star Spangled Banner, was the only child born to his fortunate parents. Due to several issues, his family moved regularly.Also, F. Scott Fitzgerald transition to adulthood came nigh with a dramatic twist as he experienced ups and downs as any normal being would. Starting as a five-year-old lad and entering the field of becoming a man, Francis began to come forth a new life. He entered Princeton Univers ity in 1913 but allowed other prerogatives to condition over his priorities. For example, Fitzgerald neglected his studies for his literary apprenticeship. He wrote the scripts and lyrics for the Princeton Triangle Club musicals and was a contributor to the Princeton Tiger humor magazine and the Nassau Literary Magazine. His college friends include Edmund Wilson and John Peale Bishop. On academic probation and unlikely to graduate, Fitzgerald joined the army in 1917 and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the infantry.

J.P. Morgan Essay -- essays research papers

J.P. MorganWhen people talk about J.P. Morgan, they often refer to one macrocosm. The J.P. Morgan dynasty was in fact a combined effort of three generations of Morgans. In 1838, American bloodlineman George Peabody opened the London merchant banking firm that would establish the root of the House of Morgan. In 1854, Junius S. Morgan became the partner of George Peabody and eventually took over the firm in 1864, renaming it J.S. Morgan & Co. At the age of twenty four, J. Pierpont Morgan inherited his fathers business, renamed the business to J.P. Morgan & Co., and made a point to consolidate the firms American and European interests. Under Pierponts authority, J.P. Morgan & Co. had a great impact on enterprises such as railroads, steel, mining, and other utilities that helped establish the United States as an industrial power. The personality of J. Peirpont Morgan is best described in a statement he made to the U.S. Congressional banking committee in 1912. The first thing is lawsu itbefore notes or anything else. Money cannot buy itbecause a man I do not trust could not get money from me on all the bonds in Christendom. It should also be noted that in 1868, the Paris banking firm Drexel, Harjes & Co. was formed. Pierpont became a partner in 1871 and the firm was subsequently renamed Morgan, Harjes & Co.Five years after his fathers death, ...

Public Speaking :: essays research papers

A consequence of Immense SuccessOver the years, I sustain always admire those who pick out had great accomplishments in their lives. Since graduating from high drill in 1989, my experiences have been mixed but they have been largely good. Some of my experiences included destiny in the military for seven years, living and working in Germany for 12 years, and learning a foreign language. One somebody who I greatly admire for her public speaking skills and over tout ensemble success is Ms. Oprah Winfrey. Despite all the obstacles in her life, she has managed to overcome and accomplish many great things. Although Oprah is the fecundest woman in the entertainment field, she seems to be truly humble, and treats everyone with the same amount of respect, whether they are rich or middle-class. In many ways, I sens relate to near of the issues that she has dealt with publicly. For example, it is no secret that she has been publicly dealing with her weight going up and nap. Over the years, I too have been dealing with my weight move up and down. Every time that I watch her show, I stick back with amaze on the way that she delivers her point across to her reference with such perfection. Considering that she has approximately 3 million viewers per show, and does not reckon to be nervous at all. In comparison with my background in the U.S. Army, I sewer remember making several speeches to my soldiers, and I did not feel nervous one bit at all. In my opinion, it is very refreshing to see a celebrity of her stature, to be so down to earth, and so giving if her time (and money). Along with the rest of world, I have grown to listen when Ms. Winfrey speaks, who is currently one of the most powerful production line persons in the world.During my high school days, my grades were satisfactory, but not to boast about, you can trust me on that issue. The fact that I can seen Oprah become the person that she is today, make me want to be the best person that I can possi ble become. Most recently, I have decided to return to school to obtain my bachelors degree in personal credit line management. In addition, it is my goal to obtain my masters degree in business administration directly after finishing my bachelors degree. In todays business world, I have noticed that without a vital education, one will not be able to mounting the corporate ladder.

Feminist Movement :: essays research papers fc

It was in the mid-1800s when the prototypal signs of the feminist movement cameabout. In 1861, a man named John Stuart grind wrote The Subjection of Women, whichwas said to have spawned the ideology of the Womens Rights Movement (Ryan 11). Hediscussed the role of women is society during that time, pointing out how the patriarchyplaced such an brutal limit on what women could do. Patriarchy is the system in whichthe male hightail it goerns societal views, and this practice has been in existence since thedawn of time. This work increase the consciousness of many women, but the first hints ofan organized movement did non come about until the approach of the twentieth century. It has been said the Black abolishment Movement was the encouragement that womenneeded to go after what they believed in (Ryan 10). In 1898 came the comenings ofWomens Suffrage, which was the movement intended to allow women the right to vote. During this time, over viosterol separate campaigns were launc hed with the goal of attainingthis right. Females such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony spoke all overthe country on womens rights and suffrage, gaining many supporters along the way(Ryan 9). The subject American Womens Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was soonformed, and Stanton was its first president. She helped to begin extensive mobilizingefforts and put a strong foot forward in the suffrage movement (Ryan 22). When theNineteenth Amendment was passed, women nationwide rejoiced at their accomplishmentwith the touch perception that they had made a difference, and their feeling of inferiority hadsubsided.Works CitedBardon, Edward J. The Sexual compass and Womens Liberation. Chicago Nelson Hall, 1978.

Thomas Hardy and His Religious Beliefs Essay -- Biography Biographies

doubting Thomas Hardy and His Religious BeliefsThomas Hardy was born into a actually active Christian family. He was the son of Orthodox Christians who made for sure that he regularly attended services. Many of Hardys relatives were involved in the church. nearly were members of the clergy and some were musicians at the local church. Hardy, a member of the Stinsford parish, taught a sunlight school class when he was a young man. He withal had aspirations of becoming a member of the clergy himself. He became very familiar with the teachings of the word of honor and even memorized the psalms. Because Hardy was exposed to such devout faith in his youth, he acquired this faith as well. From the period of 1840 to 1860, the Oxford Movement, a apparitional lawsuit involving extremely devout thinking and actions, began to spread to Dorset. The supporters of this movement believed in a God who is near to man and transcends the natural order of things. This movement helped to reinforce Hardy s faith. In the 1860s On the Origin of Species and Essays and Reviews became wide circulated. These works led to a q...

Maya Angelou: Hope into Art Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

maya Angelou Hope into Art erupt front delving into a reciprocation of celebrated writer Maya Angelou, a fuller mind of the worldview that shapes her work brook be gleaned from a brief review of a few lines from the 1962 Nobel apprize winsome speech of another celebrated writer, conjuring trick Steinbeck The writer is delegated to restrain and to celebrate mans proven capacity for greatness of ticker and spirit--for gallantry in defeat, for courage, compassion and love. In the endless war against flunk and despair, these are the glazed rally flags of hope and of emulation. I hold that a writer who does not passionately believe in the perfectability of man has no dedication nor both membership in literature. (Steinbeck 1) In Angelous first novel, I enjoy why the Caged domestic fowl Sings, she examines how a bird (soul) that is caged (unfree) would still sing. I was curious around this and my main question after reading the bosh is how Angelou came to such a hope ful worldview despite her many horrific bearing experiences (poverty, racism, assassinations, divorce, etc.). The roller-coaster animation of Maya Angelou has include many ups and downs that have become the stuff out of which she has written a six volume autobiography, beginning with I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings and ending recently with the last installment, A var. Flung up to Heaven. Angelou was innate(p) Marguerite Johnson on April 4, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri (Weaver G-10). Angelous life has been filled with nut house and despair as well as success and love. She was raped by her mothers boyfriend at the age of 8 and at various times in her life she toiled in a variety of occupations including Creole cook, calypso dancer, actress, madam, civil-righ... ...ranscript). WNET, addressable http//www.newsun.com/angelou.html, 2002 1-3. Jones, H. Maya fires a silver-tipped arrow right to the heart. westerly Main, Jun 5, 2002 12. Kelley, K. Visions Maya Angelou. Mother Jon es, Available http//www.motherjones.com/mother_jones/MJ95/kelley.html, 2002 1-4. Kizis, S. Two women Maya Angelous character sketches. Writing, Apr/May 2002 16-18. Steinbeck, J. 1962 Nobel Prize winning acceptance speech. San Jose terra firma University, Available http//www.sjsu. edu/depts/steinbec/nobel.html, 1962 1-2. Weaver, T. K. Hope is not nave. Pittsburgh Post, May 12, 2002 G-10. Wilson, S. A metrical composition Flung Up to Heaven Lyricism, liberty and a lesson in hope. Scotland on Sunday, Jun 16, 2002 5. 6 Maya Angelou Hope into Art Essay -- Biography Biographies EssaysMaya Angelou Hope into Art Before delving into a discussion of celebrated writer Maya Angelou, a fuller understanding of the worldview that shapes her work can be gleaned from a brief review of a few lines from the 1962 Nobel Prize winning speech of another celebrated writer, John Steinbeck The writer is delegated to declare and to celebrate mans proven capacity for g reatness of heart and spirit--for gallantry in defeat, for courage, compassion and love. In the endless war against weakness and despair, these are the bright rally flags of hope and of emulation. I hold that a writer who does not passionately believe in the perfectability of man has no dedication nor any membership in literature. (Steinbeck 1) In Angelous first novel, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, she examines how a bird (soul) that is caged (unfree) would still sing. I was curious about this and my main question after reading the story is how Angelou came to such a hopeful worldview despite her many horrific life experiences (poverty, racism, assassinations, divorce, etc.). The roller-coaster life of Maya Angelou has included many ups and downs that have become the stuff out of which she has written a six volume autobiography, beginning with I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings and ending recently with the last installment, A Song Flung up to Heaven. Angelou was born Marguerite J ohnson on April 4, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri (Weaver G-10). Angelous life has been filled with chaos and despair as well as success and love. She was raped by her mothers boyfriend at the age of 8 and at various times in her life she toiled in a variety of occupations including Creole cook, calypso dancer, actress, madam, civil-righ... ...ranscript). WNET, Available http//www.newsun.com/angelou.html, 2002 1-3. Jones, H. Maya fires a silver-tipped arrow right to the heart. Western Main, Jun 5, 2002 12. Kelley, K. Visions Maya Angelou. Mother Jones, Available http//www.motherjones.com/mother_jones/MJ95/kelley.html, 2002 1-4. Kizis, S. Two women Maya Angelous character sketches. Writing, Apr/May 2002 16-18. Steinbeck, J. 1962 Nobel Prize winning acceptance speech. San Jose State University, Available http//www.sjsu. edu/depts/steinbec/nobel.html, 1962 1-2. Weaver, T. K. Hope is not nave. Pittsburgh Post, May 12, 2002 G-10. Wilson, S. A Song Flung Up to Heaven Lyricism, liberty and a lesson in hope. Scotland on Sunday, Jun 16, 2002 5. 6